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Noor Inayat Khan
Noor-un-Nisa Inayat Khan GC (Hindustani, (Urdu): , Devanagari: नूर इनायत ख़ान) (2 January 1914 – 13 September 1944) was an Allied Special Operations Executive (SOE) agent during the Second World War who was posthumously awarded the George Cross, the highest civilian decoration in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth nations. Also known as "Nora Baker",〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Message of Hazrat Inayat Khan – Noorunissa Inayat-Khan )〕 "Madeleine",〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SOI : About Us : Noor-un-nisa Inayat Khan )〕 and "Jeanne-Marie Rennier," she was of Indian and American origin. As an SOE agent, she became the first female radio operator to be sent from Britain into occupied France to aid the French Resistance.
==Early years==
Inayat Khan,〔 the eldest of four children, was born in St. Petersburg. Her siblings were Vilayat (1916 – 2004), Hidayat (born 1917), and Khair-un-Nisa (1919 – 2011).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tomb of Hazrat Inayat Khan )〕 Her father, Hazrat Inayat Khan, came from a noble Indian Muslim family〔 – his mother was a descendant of the uncle of Tipu Sultan, the 18th-century ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore. He lived in Europe as a musician and a teacher of Sufism. Her mother Ameena Begum (Ora Meena Ray Baker) was an American〔〔 from Albuquerque, New Mexico, who met Hazrat Inayat Khan during his travels in the United States. Ora Baker was the half-sister of American yogi and scholar Pierre Bernard, her guardian at the time she met Inayat (Hazrat is an honorific, translated as Saint).〔Claims that Ora Ray Baker was related to Christian Science founder Mary Baker Eddy require corroboration.〕 Vilayat later became head of the Sufi Order International.
In 1914, shortly before the outbreak of the First World War, the family left Russia for London, and lived in Bloomsbury. Inayat Khan attended nursery at Notting Hill. In 1920 they moved to France, settling in Suresnes near Paris, in a house that was a gift from a benefactor of the Sufi movement. After the death of her father in 1927, Inayat Khan took on the responsibility for her grief-stricken mother and her younger siblings. As a young girl, she was described as quiet, shy, sensitive, and dreamy. She studied child psychology at the Sorbonne and music at the Paris Conservatory under Nadia Boulanger, composing for harp and piano. She began a career writing poetry and children's stories, and became a regular contributor to children's magazines and French radio. In 1939 her book, ''Twenty Jataka Tales'' (ISBN 978-0892813230), inspired by the ''Jataka tales'' of Buddhist tradition, was published in London.〔(Noor Inayat Khan: The princess who became a spy ) "The Independent", Monday, 20 February 2006〕
After the outbreak of the Second World War, when France was overrun by German troops, the family fled to Bordeaux and, from there by sea, to England, landing in Falmouth, Cornwall, on 22 June 1940.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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